Lake Facts

Kingdom Monera in Lakes
Monerans are single celled oganisms that have no nucleus.

Aeromonas hydrohila- a bacterium found in all freshwater environments. It can also be found in salt and chlorinated water. It is known to be toxic to many organisms. If infected it will travel through the bloodstream to the organs and intxicate them with Aerolysin Cytotoxic Enterotoxin (ACT, a toxin that causes tissue damage. This is how fish and reptiles get fin rot.

external image Aeromonas.jpg
This bacterium is rod-shaped and measures about 0.3-1.0 mm in diameter and 1.0-3.5 mm in length


E. Coli /Escherichia coli- a bacterium that can be found just about anywhere, including plants, animals, and water. E. Coli causes a type of fatal food poisoning and is present in our digestive systems (ironic isn't it!).

E._Coli.jpg
A photo of a cluster of E. Coli magnified 10,000 times.



Kingdom Protista in Lakes
Most protists are single celled organisms. All have a nucleus and organelles.

Ulothrix /Ulothrix zonata- a genus of green algae that is found in both fresh water and salt water bodies of water. It is abundant in mostly cold waters attached to rocks, and logs.


ulothrix.jpg
This algae doesn't branch.



Amoeba / Amoeba proteus - a genus of protozoa that is single celled existing in the silt on the bottom of most fresh water lakes.

Amoeba.jpg
This photo of an amoeba shows many organelles.



Kingdom Fungi in/around Lakes
Fungi are multicelluar and don't produce chlorophyll. They get their food by absorbing nutrients from the ground or the host.

Synchytrium endobioticum - a chytrid fungi that causes Black scab or potato wart disease. It enters the plant through water absorbed by the potato plant's root system.
potatowartpic.jpg
This a picture of the microscopic fungi.


Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis -a non-hyphal paracidic chytrid fungus that is known to kill amphibians. Its common name is Chytid Frog Fungi.

external image chytrid.jpg
Two Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis together in water.



Kingdom Plantae in/around Lakes
Plants are multi-celled, have cell walls, produce their own food, and have chlorophyll.

Water lily /Nymphaea odorata - water lilies are native to temperate climates of the world. They grow in lakes, ponds, and other small bodies of water.
waterlilypic.jpg
This water lily is a pretty one!

Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Piperopsida
Order: Nymphaeales
Family: Nymphaeaceae
Genus: Nymphaea
species: odorata


Himilayan Cedar /Cedrus deodara - a species of coniferous trees that grow to be around 30-40 m. tall. It grows in the southern part of Asia, such as the Himalayans, Afghanistan, and India.
Cedrus_deodara.jpg
The cones of this tree are gold-colored.

Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Pinales
Family: Pinaceae
Genus: Cedrus
species: deodara


Mosquito Fern /Azolla Caroliniana - a species of mosquito ferns
mosquito_fern.jpg
The fronds of this fern measure 5-10 mm long.

Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Pteridophyta
Class: Pteridopsida
Order: Salviniales
Family: Azollaceae
Genus: Azolla
species: caroliniana

Lake Quillwort /Isoetes lacustris- long, narrow leaves 8-20 cm long and 0.5-2 mm broad. It grows in sandy bottoms or rocky ones of the water. It can be found basically all over the world.
isoetes-lacustris.jpg
This plant has pretty long leaves!

Kingdom:Plantae
Division: Lycopiophyta
Class: Isoepopsida
Order: Isoetales
Family: Isoetaceae
Genus: Isoetes
species: lacustris


Common water moss /Fontinalis antipyretica- this is just the moss you usually see on rocks and logs. Can be found in northern North America, Asia, Africa, and Europe.
moss.jpg
This moss is very common all over the globe.
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Bryophyta
Class: Bryopsida
Order: Bryales
Family: Fontinalaceae
Genus: Fontinalis
species: antipyretica


Marsh Horsetail /Equistum palustre- this horsetail grows to be around 10-50 cm tall. It grows commonly in marshes and bogs.
horsetail.jpg
The little bud-like things ane fertile shoots.

Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Equistophyta
Class: Equisetopsida
Order: Equistetails
Family: Equisetaceae
Genus: Equistum
species: palustre

Chrystalwort /Riccia fluitans- an aquatic plant that floats on water but can also grow on underwater objects. It is found on almost every continent growing in ponds and other still waters.
RicciaFluitans.jpg
This definately shows the plant floating in water!

Kingdom: Plantae
Division:Marchantiophyta
Class: Marchantiopsida
Order: Marchantiales
Family: Ricciaceae
Genus: Riccia
species: fluitans


Kingdom Animalia in/around Lakes
Animals are multicellular, have nuclei, and must ingest/digest food.

Invertibrates in/by lakes:
Schmidtea mediterranea/Lake Planarian - a non-parasitic flatworm. It lives in freshwater and is common to all countries bordering the Mediterranian Sea. It is a decompser that lives on the bottom of the lake to feed on dead bodies that sink down.
flatworm.png
It is soooo flat!!

Kingdom: Animlaia
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class:
Order:
Family:
Genus: Schmidtea
species: mediterranea

Ascaris lumbricoides /Common Roundworm - causes Ascariasis, a disease when an egg is ingested and hatches in a body. It flows through the bloodstream and is carried to the liver and the heart. It feeds on fluids in the human body which make it a carnivore. These can be found in soil in a place where sanitation is poor. It is a carnivore.

external image 250px-Ascaris_lumbricoides.jpeg
This is a roundworm pulled from the human intestines.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Secernentea
Order: Ascaridida
Family: Ascarididae
Genus: Ascaris
Species: lumbricoides

Hirudo medicinalis /European Medical Leech- A definate carnivore! These leeches were used in the 19th century in medical practices. It is native to Europe and Asia.
leech.jpg
It looks pretty BIG!!!

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Annelida
Class: Clitellata
Order: Hirudinea
Family: Hirudidae
Genus: Hirudo
species: medicinalis

Marisa cornuarietis/Giant Ramshorn Snail- a big snail with a colorful shell. It is an onmivore. It is native to lakes in South America. This snail is commonly used in freshwater aquariums.
snail.jpg
Look at this snail's colorful stripes:

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Molluska
Class: Gastropodia
Order: Architaenioglossa
Family: Ampullariidae
Genus: Marisa
species: cornuarietis

Libellula angelina - lives in Asia and N. America. It is crittically endangered by habitat loss.
dragonfly.jpg
There are droplets of water on this animal's wings.

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropodia
Class: Insecta
Order: Odonata
Family: Libellulidae
Genus: Libellula
species: angelina

Ephemera danica /Green Drake- This species is commonly found in clear water rivers and lakes with sandy or gravel bottoms throughout Europe and the Asia. The life cycle is one or two years.
mayfly.jpg
This pic gives you an idea of just how small this animal is.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Ephemeroptera
Family: Ephemeridae
Genus: Ephemera
species: danica

Gerris lacustris / Common Pond Skater- the most widespread Brittish bug. There are two forms that can be found: winged and wingless. Front pair of legs are used to catch and hold prey. Middle pair is used to propel the bug on top of the water. Back legs are used for steering purposes. This bug uses the surface tension of the water to stay afloat. It is a cranivore.
pondskater.jpg
Look at its legs. They are how it stays on top of the water.

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Family: Gerridae
Genus: Gerris
species: lacustis

Vertibrates in/by lakes:
Lampetra macrostoma / Lake Lamprey- A fish with no jaws. It is a carnivore because it is a paracite. It attaches itself to other fish and sucks out bodily fluids.
lamprey.gif
This pic shows the amimal and a view of its mouth.

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chodata
Class: CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI
Order: PETROMYZONTIFORMES
Family: PETROMYZONTIDAE
Genus: Lampetra
species: macrostoma

Graptemys geographica/Common Map Turtle- These turtles are found in the Midwest in lakes, ponds, rivers, and streams found basking on land of swimming in the lake. They are omnivores because they eat aquatic plants and fish and insects.
turtle.jpg
Look at how small its face is. Notice the egg-tooth under its nose.

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Testudines
Family: Emydidae
Genus: Graptemys
species: geographica

Northern Leopard Frog / Rana Pipiens- These are very common frogs that live almost everywhere in North America. They are carvnivores that feed on insects, birds, mammals, and other frogs.
Here's Froggie!
Here's Froggie!

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anure
Family: Ranidae
Genus: Rana
species: pipiens

Yellow Perch / Perca flavescens- These fish live in both freshwater and saltwater. They mainly eat mussels, earthworms, or other fish making them carnivores.
These are two Lake Perch fishies.
These are two Lake Perch fishies.

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylym: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Percidae
Genus: Perca
species: flavescens

Blue Gill / Lepomis macrochirus- a popular fish fry fishy. It is a carnivore that eats bugs on the surface of the water. Sometimes used as bait for catfish and bass.
bluegill.jpg
Can you see the blueness of the gill?

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Centrachidae
Genus: Lepomis
species: macrchirus

Rio Grande Silvery Minnow/ Hybognathus amarus - this minnow can grow to be around 3.5 inches long and is the most endangered fish in North America. It is a herbivore that eats river and lake plants and bad algae.
minnow_(erica's).jpg
Look at how silvery it is!

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Atinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinid
Genus: Hybognathus
species: amarus

Mute Swan / Cygnus olor- These birds live in Europe and Asia. THey mostly live in ponds but can also be found in lakes. Their diet consists of aquatic plants, insects, and fish. They are omnivores.
swan.jpg
Look at how bright orange the beak is!

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Anseriformes
Family: Anatidae
Genus: Cygnus
Species: olor

Lutra lutra / European Otter- a carnivorus otter and strongly territorial. They are very common in Latvia and Norway.
otter.jpg
Its fur looks spikey.

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Mustelidae
Genus: Lutra
species: lutra



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